[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.astrajs.cz\/internet\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.astrajs.cz\/internet\/","headline":"Internet","name":"Internet","description":"Srdce internetu se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z\u00a0po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f zvan\u00fdch routery, kter\u00e9 spojuje rychl\u00e1 p\u00e1te\u0159n\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165 tvo\u0159en\u00e1 optick\u00fdmi a dal\u0161\u00edmi kabely a satelitn\u00edmi spojen\u00edmi. Routery jsou na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b propojeny s\u00a0tis\u00edcovkami men\u0161\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed a miliony samostatn\u00fdch po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f. Velk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti, vl\u00e1dy a akademick\u00e9 instituce m\u00edvaj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd a nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup na internet prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f, kter\u00e9 se naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed servery. Ostatn\u00ed u\u017eivatel\u00e9 se...","datePublished":"2020-09-01","dateModified":"2023-05-02","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.astrajs.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.astrajs.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/2a487990a452554e9d027cbab96c6e6e6d3b119f22a2b3fb9e2bcb7e021cd643?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/2a487990a452554e9d027cbab96c6e6e6d3b119f22a2b3fb9e2bcb7e021cd643?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"astrajs.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.astrajs.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a301227_w2262_t1511300485.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.astrajs.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a301227_w2262_t1511300485.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.astrajs.cz\/internet\/","about":["Www"],"wordCount":435,"articleBody":"Srdce internetu se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z\u00a0po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f zvan\u00fdch routery, kter\u00e9 spojuje rychl\u00e1 p\u00e1te\u0159n\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165 tvo\u0159en\u00e1 optick\u00fdmi a dal\u0161\u00edmi kabely a satelitn\u00edmi spojen\u00edmi. Routery jsou na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b propojeny s\u00a0tis\u00edcovkami men\u0161\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed a miliony samostatn\u00fdch po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f.Velk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti, vl\u00e1dy a akademick\u00e9 instituce m\u00edvaj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd a nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup na internet prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f, kter\u00e9 se naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed servery. Ostatn\u00ed u\u017eivatel\u00e9 se p\u0159ipojuj\u00ed k\u00a0server\u016fm jejich internetov\u00e9ho poskytovatele, nap\u0159\u00edklad z\u00a0domova, prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm telefonn\u00ed linky, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b bezdr\u00e1tov\u00fdm wi – fi\u00a0 p\u0159ipojen\u00edm. Data se po internetu pohybuj\u00ed v\u00a0podob\u011b \u201ebal\u00ed\u010dk\u016f\u201c neboli paket\u016f. A\u0165 ji\u017e se jedn\u00e1 o elektronickou po\u0161tu, webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky nebo po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 soubory, informace jsou nejprve rozd\u011bleny do mal\u00fdch paket\u016f. Ka\u017ed\u00fd paket dostane digit\u00e1ln\u00ed \u201evisa\u010dku\u201c s\u00a0adresou po\u010d\u00edta\u010de, do n\u011bj\u017e sm\u011b\u0159uje. Cel\u00e1 \u0159ada router\u016f je pak pos\u00edl\u00e1 nejrychlej\u0161\u00ed dostupnou cestou a\u017e k\u00a0po\u017eadovan\u00e9mu c\u00edli. Tam se pakety op\u011bt poskl\u00e1daj\u00ed do podoby p\u016fvodn\u00edho souboru. Jeliko\u017e komunikace po internetu se neust\u00e1le m\u011bn\u00ed a mezi routery existuje \u0159ada spojen\u00ed, pakety jednoho souboru tak \u010dasto cestuj\u00ed odli\u0161n\u00fdmi trasami.Ka\u017ed\u00fd po\u010d\u00edta\u010d p\u0159ipojen\u00fd k\u00a0internetu mus\u00ed m\u00edt unik\u00e1tn\u00ed \u201eadresu\u201c, aby ostatn\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010de na internetu v\u011bd\u011bly, kam maj\u00ed pos\u00edlat informace, kter\u00e9 vy\u017eaduje, a tak\u00e9 proto, aby naopak mohly ostatn\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010de p\u0159istupovat k\u00a0informac\u00edm v\u00a0n\u011bm ulo\u017een\u00fdm. V\u011bt\u0161ina u\u017eivatel\u016f osobn\u00edch po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f nem\u00e1 vlastn\u00ed internetovou adresu, ale vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k\u00a0p\u0159ipojen\u00ed poskytovatele internetov\u00fdch slu\u017eeb, kte\u0159\u00ed jim tuto adresu do\u010dasn\u011b p\u0159id\u011bl\u00ed.Internetov\u00e1 adresa m\u00e1 podobu \u0159ady \u010d\u00edsel, odd\u011blen\u00fdch te\u010dkami. Kv\u016fli snaz\u0161\u00edmu zapamatov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161ak b\u00fdv\u00e1 sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed internetov\u00e9 adresy i slovn\u00ed n\u00e1zev, kter\u00e9mu se tak\u00e9 \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 dom\u00e9na. V\u0161echny adresy jsou ulo\u017eeny ve v\u00fdkonn\u00fdch po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u00edch, zvan\u00fdch dom\u00e9nov\u00e9 servery (DNS), kter\u00e9 tyto n\u00e1zvy automaticky p\u0159ekl\u00e1daj\u00ed do \u010d\u00edseln\u00e9 internetov\u00e9 adresy.Po\u010d\u00edta\u010de, kter\u00e9 host\u00ed webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky, maj\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inou n\u00e1zev dom\u00e9ny za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed www, za nimi\u017e n\u00e1sleduje te\u010dka, jedno \u010di v\u00edce slov odd\u011blen\u00fdch te\u010dkami a p\u0159\u00edpona v\u00a0podob\u011b nap\u0159\u00edklad .com nebo .cz, ur\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed zemi p\u016fvodu str\u00e1nek, anebo typ organizace, j\u00ed\u017e pat\u0159\u00ed.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        4.2\/5 - (5 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Internet","item":"https:\/\/www.astrajs.cz\/internet\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]